Introduction of a Computer
Basics of computer:
Computers are now affecting every sphere of human activity and bringing about many changes in industry, government, education, medicine, scientific research, law, social sciences, and even in arts Such as music and painting. They are at present used among other applications to.
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Defination of computer:
Computer
is an electronic device that work (operate)
under the control of the programs stores in its own memory unit.
A Computer is a electronic machine that processes raw data as input
and produce information as output.
Computer is an electronic device that accepts data as input, and transforms it under the influence of a set of special instructions called Programs, to produce the desired output (referred to as Information) for further use for the user.
It is believed that the Analytical Engine was the
first computer which was invented by Charles Babbage in 1837. It used punch
cards as read-only memory. Charles Babbage is also known as the father of the
computer.
A computer is
designed to execute applications and provides a variety of solutions through
integrated hardware and software components. It works with the help of programs
and represents the decimal numbers through a string of binary digits. It also
has a memory that stores the data, programs, and result of processing. The
components of a computer such as machinery that includes wires, transistors,
circuits, hard disk are called hardware. Whereas, the programs and data are
called software. It is made up of electronic
components and uses electric energy such as electricity (such as
energy) to operate. So the
computer system consists of four parts :
(1) Hardware,
(2) Software,
(3) Data,
and
(4) Users.
A computer has an internal
memory which store data and information temporarily awaiting processing and
even holds the intermediate result (information) before it is communicate to the
user through the output devices.
It operates on the data using the instructions, means the computer can not do any useful job on its own. It can work what the instructions processed. Computer will accept the input data, manipulate the data and managing the data produce output results (such as information).
The literal meaning of computer
is generally calculate which derived from the word “Compute”. Computer perform
both simple and complex operations, with speed and accuracy.
A digital computer uses distinct
values to represent the data internally. All information are
represented
using the digits Os and 1s. The computers that we use at our homes and offices
are
digital
computers.
Analog
computer is another kind of a computer that represents data as
variable across a
continuous
range of values. The earliest computers were analog computers. Analog computers
are
used for measuring of parameters that vary continuously in real time, such as
temperature,
pressure
and voltage. Analog computers may be more flexible but generally less precise
than
digital
computers. Slide rule is an example of an analog computer.
The
Input-Process-Output Concept
A computer is an electronic
device that (1) accepts data, (2) processes data, (3) generates output,
and (4) stores data. The
concept of generating output information from the input 4 data is also
referred to as input-process-output concept.
A General Model of Computer Information Processing system
The
input-process-output concept of the computer is explained as follows—
- Input: The computer accepts input data from the user via an input device like keyboard.The input data can be characters, word, text, sound, images, document, etc.
- Process: The computer processes the input data. For this, it performs some actions on the data by using the instructions or program given by the user of the data. The action could be an arithmetic or logic calculation, editing, modifying a document, etc. During processing, the data, instructions and the output are stored temporarily in the computer’s main memory.
- Output: The output is the result generated after the processing of data. The output may be in the form of text, sound, image, document, etc. The computer may display the output on a monitor, send output to the printer for printing, play the output, etc.
- Storage: The input data, instructions and output are stored permanently in the secondary storage devices like disk or tape. The stored data can be retrieved later, whenever needed.