Properties of Operating systems
The OS is an interface
that makes things simpler for the users. It provides the services to both the
user and the system to make the interaction between them. It also has various
properties. These OS properties are more likes the tasks performed by an OS
than a feature that makes the system user-friendly. In this article, you will
learn the properties of the operating system.
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Properties of Operating System
Here, you will learn
about the properties of the operating system. There are various properties of
the operating system. Some of the OS properties are as follows which below are the properties of the OS that allow it to perform
all its services and functions smoothly.
1. Batch Processing:-
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This is the process of collecting
programs and data together in a batch before execution or processing. The OS
defines the jobs using a predefined sequence of commands, data, or programs, as
a single unit. The system memory stores these
jobs before execution and the processing of these jobs depends on a first come
first serve basis. Once the OS completes the
execution of a job, it releases the memory and copies the output into an output
spool for later printing. This increases the performance of a system as a new
job starts early as soon as the old one gets completely executed without any
manual interference. There is also a rare chance of the jobs entering an infinite
loop. This type of processing also makes debugging difficult. The batch processing system work as an operating system. It
refers to a system that collects all types of programs and data in a batch form
and then processes them. The primary goal of a batch processing system is to
reduce setup time while submitting similar jobs to the CPU. It was also used in the hard disk and card readers. All
jobs are stored on the hard disk in order to create a pool of jobs for batch
execution. After reading the pooled jobs, the batch monitor is launched to
execute them. These jobs are sorted into groups, and then the same jobs are assigned
to a similar batch. Now, all batched operations are ready to be executed one by
one without wasting any more time. It improves system utilization while
decreasing the turnaround time. All jobs and processes are running in the "First
Come First Serve" manner basis. When a job is
finished with its processing, its memory is free, and the results are copied to
an output spool for further printing or processing. Advantages:·
It reduces the load of the
operator. ·
It increases performance as the
new job starts execution as soon as the previous one finishes without any
manual intervention. Disadvantages:·
Debugging is difficult. ·
There is a chance that a job may
enter an infinite loop. ·
Lack of protection scheme
results in one batch job affecting the pending jobs. 2. Multitasking:-A multitasking operating system
provides an interface for a single user to execute many programs tasks on the
same computer system at the same time. Multiple tasks are also referred to as
processes that share common processing resources, such as a CPU. For example,
any editing task may be executed while other programs are executing
simultaneously, such as the user can open Gmail and PowerPoint same time.  Advantages:-·
Saves users time. ·
Increases the response time of a system. ·
Utilizes resources efficiently. ·
I t
supports numerous users at the same time, and various apps can run concurrently
without affecting the system performance. · Several
users are happier as a result of the increased flexibility. On which each user
may run single or multiple programs simultaneously. · All
jobs are assigned a limited limit so that they do not have to wait for the
processor.
Disadvantages:-
3. Multiprogramming:-
Multiple
programs may be loaded into the main memory for execution in a multiprogramming
system. Only one program or process may use the CPU to execute instructions
simultaneously, while others must wait for their time. The main goal of using a
multiprogramming system is to overcome the underutilization of the CPU and
primary memory and manage the entire system's resources. The main components of
a multiprogramming system are the I/O control system, command processor,
transient area, and file system.  Moreover, these systems are designed based on sub-segmenting
parts of the transitory area to store the separate programs. The resource
management routines are connected to the OS's important functions. This happens when the system
memory stores more than one process. The OS executes these processes parallely
on the same processor. Multiple processes share the processor i.e., the CPU
which increases CPU utilization. The CPU executes one job at a time
while the others are in waiting state, waiting for the processor to be assigned
to them. The OS makes sure that the CPU is
never idle by monitoring the state of all the system resources and active
programs using memory management programs. This also gives a false sense to the
user that the CPU is simultaneously working on multiple programs. Advantages:-·
It provides high and efficient CPU
utilization. ·
It gives an illusion to the users that
multiple programs are allotted CPU almost simultaneously. ·
It has a shorter
response time. ·
It can assign
priority to the jobs. Disadvantages:·
CPU scheduling is necessary to perform
multiprogramming. ·
Memory management accommodates multiple jobs
in the memory. ·
It requires more management. 4. Distributive Environment:-Multiple independent processors
constitute a distributive environment. The OS distributes computation logic
among different physical processors and manages communication between them. The
processors don’t share the memory or clock; rather they have their own local
memory. Advantages:-·
Failure of one processor doesn’t affect the
whole system. ·
There is no limit to how many processors can
be added in the group. ·
Debugging is easy. ·
It has the computing power of multiple
computers. Disadvantages:-·
Troubleshooting is difficult. ·
Software support is less. ·
Setting up a network for this environment is
costly. ·
There is a threat to security and data
integrity can be endangered. 5. Interactivity:-Interactivity is the capability of
the user to interact with a system. The OS provides an interface to interact
with the system, manages the I/O devices, and ensures a short response time. Advantages:-·
Easy to use ·
Helpful for specially-abled people. Disadvantages:-·
Can cause noise pollution. ·
Difficult to design. 6. Real-Time System:-We consider dedicated embedded
systems as real-time systems. In this, the OS reads and reacts through the
sensor data and gives a response in a fixed time period to ensure correct
performance. Advantages:-·
Fast and timely response ·
Good for tasks, bound by tight time
constraints. Disadvantages:-·
Frequent program crashing. ·
Highly complex 7. Spooling:-Simultaneous peripheral operation
online, spooling is the process of pushing data of various I/O jobs in a
buffer, disk, or somewhere in the memory so that a device can access the data
when it is ready.
The OS handles I/O device data
spooling as the devices have diverse data access rate in order to maintain the
spooling buffer. Buffer is like a waiting station where the data can rest while
the slower devices are catching up. The application of spooling is Print
Spooling.  It may also
process data in other locations. It requires being alerted when a remote-side
process completes spooling another process to the remote-side device. Spooling
improves the system performance by increasing the device's working rate. Advantages:-·
It uses a disk as a buffer. ·
It can overlap I/O operation for one job with
the help of processor operations for another job. Disadvantages:-·
Requires a large amount of storage. ·
Increased disk traffic Summary:-Above are the 7 properties of the
Operating System. Batch processing is the execution of programs in a group that
increases system performance. Multitasking is executing multiple tasks
simultaneously by switching between them. Multiprogramming is the parallel
processing of programs to increase CPU utilization. A distributive environment
is a collection of multiple processors that communicate via a network line. The OS provides an interface that
increases interactivity between the user and the system. Real-time systems
respond in a given time frame in order to ensure high performance. Spooling pushes data in a buffer
where it can take a break while the I/O devices catch up to it. These
properties are the main traits of the operating system that define the OS in a
simplified manner, making it a lot less complex.
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