Primary Memory
Primary memory is an essential component of a computer system. Program and data are loaded into the primary memory before processing. The CPU interacts directly with the primary memory to perform read or write operation.
It is of two types viz. (i) Random Access Memory (RAM) and (ii) Read Only Memory (ROM).
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RAM is volatile, i.e., as long as the power is supplied to the computer, it retains the data in it. But as soon as the power supply is turned off, all the contents of RAM are wiped out. It is used to store data temporarily while the computer is working. Whenever the computer is started or a software application is launched, the required program and data are loaded into RAM for processing. RAM is usually referred to as main memory and it is faster than the secondary memory or storage devices.
On the other hand, ROM is non-volatile, which means its contents are not lost even when the power is turned off. It is used as a small but faster permanent storage for the contents which are rarely changed. For example, the startup program (boot loader) that loads the operating system into primary memory is stored in ROM.
Difference Between Primary and Secondary Memory
Primary Memory can be volatile and non volatile. Secondary Memory only has non volatile in nature.
Data buses are used by primary memory for accessing data. I/O channels are used by secondary memory.
Processing unit is capable to access data directly. Data access indirectly means all data are transfer secondary memory to primary memory then it can access by CPU.
Primary memory is also known as internal memory. Secondary memory is called also Backup or Auxiliary memory.
Primary memory has two categories like as RAM and ROM. Secondary memory has four categories like as Magnetic Storage, Optical Storage, Flash storage, and Online Cloud System.
Primary memory is more costly to secondary memory. Secondary memory is cheaper to primary memory.
Primary memory has low capacity compare to secondary memory. Secondary memory has to more power for storing data up to terabyte. All data goes to loss while power is turn off.
In secondary memory, all data can be access anytime either power is on or not. In which, all data are saved in semiconductor chip. In which, entire data are stored in storage devices such as hard drive, CD, and more.